{"book":"adl0311","page":14,"text":"جغرافیہ طبیعی و افریقا\n۱۱\n(۳) جغرافیہ طبیعی :- علمیست که از عوارضات\nقدرتی و تبدلات فطرتی سطح زمین از قبیل دریاها\nکوه ها و خاک و آب و هوا وغیره بیان می کند\nو اسباب تغییر بحر و بر را نیز نمایان می سازد!\n(۴) جغرافیہ سیاسی :- از تقسیمات و محل\nوقوع دولتها و مملکتها و تعداد نفوس آنها و\nشهرها که در یک مملکت می باشند و طرز اداره\nحکومت و ادیان و سائر احوال اجتماعی انسان\nبحث می راند.\n(۵) جغرافیہ اقتصادی :- علمیست که ذرائع\nفطری آمدنی ممالک مختلفه و وسائل حمل و نقل آنها\nرا بیان می نماید یعنی از محصولات زمین و معادن\nو زراعت و تجارت و صنعت بحث می کند.\nنظام شمسی\nوَمِنْ اٰیٰتِهِ اَنْ تَقُوْمَ السَّمَاءُ وَالْاَرْضُ بِاَمْرِہٖ\nترجمه :- و من جمله علامات بیحساب قدرت باریتعالی\nاین هم است که آسمان و زمین بحکم او قائم اند.","chars":710,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0311/00014.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":125,"title":"Jughrāfiyā-yi ṭabʻī va Afrīqā جغرافياى طبعى و افريقا","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0311/14","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0311/canvas/14","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0311/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0311_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}