{"book":"adl0180","page":98,"text":"۹۱\n\n(۸) زه مخدا ی که په چر خپږم قسم بخدا اگر بفهمم\n(۹) ستا په سر که مږ دروغ وایم قسم بسر شما اگر دروغ گفته باشم\nاجزا و جمله قسمیه این است (۱) حرف قسم چون ( به و ـ په ) (۲) مقسم به آن\nاسم که بآن قسم کرده میشود ـ چون خدای ـ قرآن ـ راستی ، و هر چیزی\nکه نز د متکلم عظیم الشان شمرده میشود ـ\nپس حرف قسم ، مقسم به تبادیل این که « قسم کوم » یا « قسم خوم »\nپږ فلانی این را قسم میگوید و جمله که بعد ازین جمله ذکر میشود ـ و قسم تأکید انرا\nمیکند « جواب قسم » نا میده میشود ـ قسم و جواب قسم جمله قسمیه میشود ـ\nاگر در مثالهای فوق فکر کرده شود مواد ذیل دیده میشود !\n(۱) در پښتو، قسم عربی نیز مستعمل میشود ـ چون مثال اول\n(۲) گاهی حرف قسم و مقسم به و نفظ قسم هر سه حذف میشود چون ستا دِری\nیعنی ستا دیه خدای قسم وی\n(۳) ته خدای ـ زه وخدای ـ در اصل چنین است : تا په خدای قسم خورم\n\nتمرین جمله های ذیل را ترجمه کنید :\nزما وروره ! ستادِوی که بد زموږ کره ند را سر يے . د خدای دپاره د ښکلنو\nپه روی یږه . دعاشقانو په های هوی یږه. خدا یږ چې ته راباند ګران یی .","chars":932,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0180/00098.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":117,"title":"Muʻallim-i paṣhtū kitāb-i duvvum, khvad āmūz معلم پښتو :معلم پښتو","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0180/98","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0180/canvas/98","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0180/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0180_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}