{"book":"adl0180","page":61,"text":"۵۴\nفعل حال\nفعل حال از مصدر، اینطور ساخته میشود:\n(۱) در آخر اکثر مصادر یکه لفظ (بدل) باشد آنرا حذف نموده، در آخر آن ضمایر متصله فاعلی برای صیغه های غائب (ی) و برای مفرد مخاطب (ے) و برای جمع مخاطب (ی) ما قبل مفتوح، و برای مفرد متکلم (م) و برای جمع متکلم (وو) می آورند مثلاً از ارو بدل (شنیدن) اروی (می شنود)\n(۲) گاهی علائمہ مصدری را حذف کرده لفظ (ین ی) در آخر آن می آرند مثلاً از در بدل، درین ی (می ایستد) و از خونہ بدل، خونہ ین ی (افگار میشود)\n(۳) از مصادر یکه علائمہ مصدری آن (وَل) باشد کلیتہً و از باقی مصادر غالباً (ل) را حذف نموده در آخر آن یا ی معروف می آورند، مثلاً از نَو وَل، نَوَوِی (می لنباند) و از اَچَوَل، اَچَوِی (می افگند) و از تَړَل، تَړِی (می بندد)\nغائب\nمفرد مذکر و مونث: هەغە اوبە چیښی | او آب میخورد\nجمع مذکر و مونث: دَوی زموږ سره اوسِی | آنها با ما می مانند","chars":775,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0180/00061.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":117,"title":"Muʻallim-i paṣhtū kitāb-i duvvum, khvad āmūz معلم پښتو :معلم پښتو","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0180/61","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0180/canvas/61","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0180/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0180_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}