{"book":"adl0180","page":10,"text":"۳\n\nو برای رفع التباس ، از دال مفتوح اضافت ، کسره داده میشود مثلاً\nکتاب دو وایه! (کتابت را بخوان)\nکار دوران کی (کارت را خراب کردی)\nاور د ولگاوه (آتش را در دادی)\n\n(۳) تَه ، ته\n\n(تَه) که ضمیر مخاطب مفرد است بمعنی (تو) با هاء یک چشمه (ه) نوشته شود\nمثلاً تَه د پښتو خادم یے؟ ( تو خادم افغانی هستی؟)\nتَه زما خوږ خپل یے! (تو دوست شیرینم هستی!)\nو یک قسم تای مفتوح که حرف جر بمعنی (به) است اگر به هاء بے چشم تحریر\nشود ، رفع اشتباه خواهد شد مثلاً :\nزه کابل تـه ځم (من بکابل میروم)\nاحمد مکتب تـه ولاړ (احمد به مکتب رفت)\nدی پښتو تـه خدمت کوی (او به افغانی خدمت میکند)\n\n(۴) کی\n\n(کی) بمعنی (در) از حروف ظرفیه افغانی است مخفف و مرادف (کښ)","chars":623,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0180/00010.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":117,"title":"Muʻallim-i paṣhtū kitāb-i duvvum, khvad āmūz معلم پښتو :معلم پښتو","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0180/10","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0180/canvas/10","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0180/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0180_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}