{"book":"adl0116","page":41,"text":"۳۴\nاقتصادیا وقایع تاریخی مشرق زمین\nآسیا از زمان اسکندر مقدونی تاکنون که بالغ بر دو هزار و دویست سال است میدان طمع اروپا واقع شده است و درین مدت مدید هیچ وقت از امید گاه استفادهٔ اروپا فارغ و آرام ننشسته و موقع ترقی و تعالی خصوصی او ممانعت دیده مجبور معادله و دفاع گردیده است. بعد از مرگ اسکندر فیلقوس که اراضی باختر بمصر و شامات بین یاران او تقسیم شد بقوی ترین سلطنت اوروپائی حکومت (سلوکیه) شام تاسیس و تشکیل یافت.\nاین حکومت روز بهی حاصل کرده بار دیگر شهنشاهی مشرق زمین را دعوی دار گردید. برای مقابله و ابطال این دعوی کسیکه نخست کمر همت بست سلطنت ایران بود (مهرداد اوّل) که پادشاه ششمین اشکانیست، ولایات عراق عجم و عراق عرب و لرستان و فارس و ارمنستان را فتح کرد.","chars":662,"image":"https://storage.googleapis.com/adl-page-images/adl0116/00041.jpg","first_page":1,"last_page":545,"title":"Āʼīnah-ʼi ʻirfān majmūʻah-i tārīkhī, ʻilamī, adabī, ijtimāʻī, akhlāqī, tarbawī آئينۀ عرفان:آئينۀ عرفان","permalink":"https://afghanpress.org/book/adl0116/41","canvas":"https://afghanpress.org/iiif/adl0116/canvas/41","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/books/adl0116/","source_pdf":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/pdf/adl0116_download.pdf","rights":{"image":{"statement":"Public domain. NYU states: \"All works presented on this website are, unless otherwise indicated, in the public domain. The images available on this website may be freely reproduced, distributed and transmitted by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial.\"","uri":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","holder":"New York University Libraries","source":"https://afghanistandl.nyu.edu/about.html","delivery":"Images are served from a copy mirrored by this project, not from NYU's servers, under the reproduction terms above.","endorsement":"This is an independent project. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or reviewed by New York University."},"text":{"statement":"Machine-generated transcription, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. No warranty of accuracy: see the provenance block on every page.","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","holder":"Steps Ventures"}},"provenance":{"text_produced_by":"gemini-3.1-pro-preview","thinking_level":"low","read_completed":"2026-08-09","per_page_confidence":null,"per_page_confidence_note":"Not recorded during the corpus run. No calibrated per-page score exists, and none is estimated here.","human_reviewed":false,"accuracy_context":"Roughly two thirds of characters agree with a modern printed edition of the same text. Much of the disagreement is editorial, not misreading. Treat the transcription as a finding aid and read the page image before quoting.","primary_source":"The page image. The text is an index into it."}}